心理健康指一个人的情绪、心理与认知福祉,并且与身体内部多种生物系统和过程深度相连。把心理健康和身体健康分开看,更多只是人为划分;在本质上,两者通过神经、内分泌与免疫系统中大量共享通路彼此交织。
大脑活动由神经元、神经递质和应激激素组成的网络所介导,它不仅影响人的思想与情绪,也会影响心率、消化和免疫反应等生理指标。边缘系统,包括杏仁核、海马体和前额叶皮层等结构,帮助处理情绪体验并调节应激反应。
正如你的想法会影响身体状态一样,你也可以反过来利用这种身心连接,通过影响身体状态的方案来改善情绪和心理健康。把呼吸练习、有意热或冷暴露以及运动等实践纳入日常生活,会对心理健康和整体福祉产生深远影响。
子主题
抑郁与哀伤
抑郁的科学,需要理解其复杂的生物、遗传和心理因素。在生物层面,抑郁与去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素等主要神经递质系统的紊乱有关。去甲肾上腺素主要影响能量与警觉性,多巴胺则与动机和愉悦相关。这些神经递质的紊乱会导致抑郁的常见症状,包括迟缓、缺乏动力和快感缺失(anhedonia,即失去愉悦感)。血清素是调节情绪与情感福祉的关键神经递质,在许多抑郁处方药中都扮演核心角色,例如选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)。不过,近期研究提示,SSRIs 也许是通过让大脑重新组织自己来改善情绪,而不一定是纠正固有的血清素缺乏。除神经递质外,遗传因素和激素失衡(例如甲状腺功能减退)也会增加抑郁易感性,尤其是当它们与压力叠加时。哀伤并不只是悲伤状态——事实上,它更像一种动机状态,驱使人渴望重新连接那些已经失去的东西。哀伤过程需要大脑内部以及大脑与身体之间连接的重排。这种神经可塑性,是承认并适应我们生命中失去某个人或某件事所必需的。
| 时间戳 | 片段 | 期数 |
|---|---|---|
| 01:57:37 Sleep Deprivation & Depression | Sleep Deprivation & Depression | [Guest Series |
| 00:09:16 Depression, Risk Factors, Emergency Psychiatric Treatments | Depression, Risk Factors, Emergency Psychiatric Treatments | Dr. Nolan Williams: Psychedelics & Neurostimulation for Brain Rewiring |
| 00:16:05 Grief: Lack & Motivation, Dopamine | Grief: Lack & Motivation, Dopamine | The Science & Process of Healing from Grief |
焦虑与强迫症
焦虑是一种自主神经系统高度唤起的状态,类似恐惧,但并没有环境中的即时威胁。这就是为什么焦虑会表现为心跳加快、出汗和肌肉紧张等身体症状。强迫症(OCD)和恐惧症都与焦虑这一共同因素相关,但表现形式不同。OCD 的特征是强迫性想法、图像或行为冲动,以及强迫行为,也就是为了暂时缓解这些想法带来的焦虑而重复执行的行为。与一般焦虑不同,恐惧症由特定刺激触发,会造成显著痛苦,进而引发回避行为,而回避又会加强恐惧反应并强化焦虑—回避循环。认知行为疗法(CBT),尤其是基于暴露的疗法,在管理焦虑和 OCD 方面非常有效,它帮助人们在受控环境中逐步面对恐惧。这个过程旨在用更积极或更中性的反应取代引发焦虑的想法。就 OCD 而言,CBT 通常包括“暴露与反应预防疗法(ERP)”,也就是让患者逐渐接触恐惧刺激,同时不执行其强迫行为。
| 时间戳 | 片段 | 期数 |
|---|---|---|
| 00:50:24 “Chatter,” Trauma, Depression, Anxiety | “Chatter,” Trauma, Depression, Anxiety | Dr. Ethan Kross: How to Control Your Inner Voice & Increase Your Resilience |
| 01:16:46 Anxiety & Sleep, Mood vs. Emotions | Anxiety & Sleep, Mood vs. Emotions | [Guest Series |
| 00:25:40 Brain Areas in OCD, Risk, Rewards & Addiction | Brain Areas in OCD, Risk, Rewards & Addiction | Dr. Casey Halpern: Biology & Treatments for Compulsive Eating & Behaviors |
创伤与 PTSD
创伤可能来自单一或多次事件,包括亲身经历,也包括从远处目睹的事件,例如看到暴力或事故。这些经历会改变大脑功能,并可能导致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),其表现包括严重焦虑、惊恐发作、解离症状和反复噩梦。PTSD 的特征是杏仁核等区域中的神经回路持续活化,杏仁核负责处理情绪,岛叶则负责映射身体感觉。这会导致更强的压力反应,以及与创伤相关的身体感受。由于 PTSD 会提高抑郁和物质滥用的可能性,治疗方法包括谈话治疗,同时迷幻药辅助治疗等模式也有越来越多的研究。创伤与 PTSD 的治疗目标,是同时改变个体对创伤记忆的主观叙事,并重塑大脑神经回路,以削弱创伤记忆及其相关触发因素的显著性。
| 时间戳 | 片段 | 期数 |
|---|---|---|
| 00:06:19 Stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Avoidance | Stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Avoidance | Dr. Victor Carrión: How to Heal From Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
| 02:38:32 Therapy, PTSD Recovery, Dread; Pharmacology | Therapy, PTSD Recovery, Dread; Pharmacology | Coleman Ruiz: Overcoming Physical & Emotional Challenges |
| 02:11:32 Abuse & Recovery of Self, Patience, Powerlessness | Abuse & Recovery of Self, Patience, Powerlessness | Dr. James Hollis: How to Find Your True Purpose & Create Your Best Life |
心理健康方案
改善心理健康需要多方面方法,把支持大脑健康、调节神经系统并加深与自己及他人连接的各种策略结合起来。重点保持心理健康的六大支柱:睡眠、光照(指早晨的阳光和夜间减少人工光照)、身体运动、营养、社交连接和压力控制。除此之外,一些专门方案还能进一步提升情绪韧性。写日记有助于处理情绪和理清思路,因为它会调动前额叶皮层并降低杏仁核活动;把你的想法和感受写下来,往往比反刍更能带来深层自我觉察。短时、每日冥想已被证明能改善情绪并降低焦虑。冥想通过加深对内在体验的理解、将无意识过程带入有意识觉察,来增强自我觉察。此外,定期接触自然环境,如公园、海滩或森林——每周几次,每次 10 到 30 分钟——已被证明能降低血压、改善睡眠并提升情绪。
| 时间戳 | 片段 | 期数 |
|---|---|---|
| 01:40:20 Tool: Nature & Cognitive Restoration; Awe; Screens, Modifying Spaces | Tool: Nature & Cognitive Restoration; Awe; Screens, Modifying Spaces | Dr. Ethan Kross: How to Control Your Inner Voice & Increase Your Resilience |
| 01:06:28 Emotion Suppression; Permission to Feel, Emotions Mentor | Emotion Suppression; Permission to Feel, Emotions Mentor | Dr. Marc Brackett: How to Increase Your Emotional Intelligence |
| 00:14:38 Morning Notes, Gratitude Journaling, Diary Journaling | Morning Notes, Gratitude Journaling, Diary Journaling | A Science-Supported Journaling Protocol to Improve Mental & Physical Health |
心理健康疗法与治疗
治疗可以通过提供支持、洞见和工具,显著改善心理健康,促进情绪疗愈与成长。治疗帮助个体在安全且结构化的环境中探索自己的想法和情绪,从而获得那些独自很难达到的转变性洞见。这个过程可以处理焦虑、抑郁和其他心理障碍,因为它帮助人们理解并改变负面思维模式和行为。心理健康领域有多种治疗类型,每种都有自己的方法和重点。谈话疗法包括认知行为疗法(CBT)、辩证行为疗法(DBT)和内部家庭系统(IFS)。也有神经调节疗法,例如神经反馈和重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS),它们直接针对大脑的电活动或神经化学活动来改善心理健康。这两类疗法都能通过增强大脑可塑性、打破不良思维模式、教授更具建设性的思考方式,并带来深刻的情绪突破,展现出变革性潜力。
| 时间戳 | 片段 | 期数 |
|---|---|---|
| 00:13:38 The Largest Challenges Facing Treatment of Mental Health | The Largest Challenges Facing Treatment of Mental Health | Dr. Karl Deisseroth: Understanding & Healing the Mind |
| 02:28:41 Mental Health & Psychedelic Treatment, Safeguards, Paradigm Shift | Mental Health & Psychedelic Treatment, Safeguards, Paradigm Shift | Dr. Robin Carhart-Harris: The Science of Psychedelics for Mental Health |
| 01:02:34 Tool: Finding a Good Therapist | Tool: Finding a Good Therapist | Dr. Paul Conti: Therapy, Treating Trauma & Other Life Challenges |
嘉宾专家
- Dr. Victor Carrión_zh 🔗 https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/victor-carrion
- Dr. Jonathan Haidt_zh 🔗 https://jonathanhaidt.com
- Dr. Paul Conti_zh 🔗 https://www.drpaulconti.com/
- Dr. Casey Halpern 🔗 https://www.pennmedicine.org/providers/profile/casey-halpern
- Dr. Chris Palmer 🔗 https://www.chrispalmermd.com/
- Dr. Anna Lembke_zh 🔗 https://www.annalembke.com/
- Dr. Matthew Johnson_zh 🔗 https://hub.jhu.edu/experts/profiles/matthew-johnson/
- Dr. Karl Deisseroth_zh 🔗 https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/
- Dr. David Spiegel_zh 🔗 https://stresshealthcenter.stanford.edu/
- Dr. Elissa Epel_zh 🔗 https://www.elissaepel.com/
资源
文章与研究论文
- Confronting a traumatic event: tToward an understanding of inhibition and disease
- Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process
- Craving love? Enduring grief activates brain’s reward center
- Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression
- Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder
- MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study
- The effects of MDMA-assisted therapy on alcohol and substance use in a phase 3 trial for treatment of severe PTSD
- Ketamine: 50 Years of Modulating the Mind
- Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients
- Patient Adherence to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Predicts Long-Term Outcome in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Brainstorm: Occupational choice, bipolar illness and creativity
- Day and night light exposure are associated with psychiatric disorders: an objective light study in >85,000 people
书籍
- Opening Up by Writing It Down: How Expressive Writing Improves Health and Eases Emotional Pain
- Trauma: The Invisible Epidemic: How Trauma Works and How We Can Heal From It
- The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma
- On Death and Dying: What the Dying Have to Teach Doctors, Nurses, Clergy and Their Own Families
- Bowling Alone: Revised and Updated: The Collapse and Revival of American Community
- The Stress Prescription: Seven Days to More Joy and Ease (The Seven Days Series)
- Brain Energy: A Revolutionary Breakthrough in Understanding Mental Health—and Improving Treatment for Anxiety, Depression, OCD, PTSD, and More
其他资源
- Huberman Lab Guest Series with Dr. Paul Conti
- Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS)
- Complicated grief” questionnaire
- Participate in Dr. Mary-Frances O’Connor’s grief studies